RF resistance data

 I'm putting this here so it does not get misplaced.

Consider the dualities. The opposites. What can we say about them? light - dark E field - H field particles at rest or in motion.

 Consider EMF, current, B and motion.

Can we have any of them without the other?

Suspend a wire in a H field and send a current threw it, it will try to move.

Suspend a wire in a H field and move the wire OR magnet, you will produce current in the wire.

Passing a current threw a wire produces a magnetic field. Can we have a magnetic field without current flow?

Consider the permanent magnet. It has closed loop currents in it structure which create the field.

Question: Can we have a "permanent E field"? Not a trick question so disregard a charged capacitor and the Lydel jar.

A bar magnet has a "permanent H field".

Can we have a "bar ????" with a permanent E field?

What if we melted a bar of wax and placed it in a strong E field and let it cool. Would the field effect the wax?

Can I use wax as the dielectric in a capacitor? Yes of course I can. Will it make a stronger capacitor? Yes it will. Again, what happens if I melt the wax and let it cool while holding a charge on the capacitor?

Hint: Consider the Electret Microphone.

 Notice the relationships in the right hand and left hand rules are all at 90 degrees. Also note one component is force/motion. With a generator we turn the armature to create current. With the motor the current causes the armature to spin. Can we have motion without a spinning armature? Consider the transformer. The motion in the primary is "current" flow. The motion in the secondary is also "current flow. 

 Note: In the beginning (when I was young) it was "H" field and "Cycles Per Seconds". Today they prefer "B" and "hertz" so I may at times use an unfamiliar term. I will even switch back and forth now and then.

LDO low voltage - pinned vs surface mount components

I was planning a single cell radio. The previous oscillator was looking good but will need a little more thought. In the mean time I am looking at the LDO for the single cell radio. My parts bin is fairly well stocked but I am having to decide between surface mount, pinned component or using 3 volts? (the original plan was 1 cell) This series of post show the options.

3 volts both pinned

2 volts both pinned.

1.5 volts 1 surface and 1 pinned.

2 volts both surface mount.

2 volt 1 pinned 1surface mount.

1.5 volts 1 surface 1 pinned.

So I can obtain the goal of a 1.5 volt LDO by using 1 surface mount and 1 pinned Jfet or I can move the goal and use 2 cells.

A little mind experiment about the coil - core - inductance relationship.

Q - What is the "Q" of a coil?
A - The quality of the coil.
Q - OK? Plain English please.
A - The reactance and the resistance divide the energy. A pure reactance has no loses. A pure resistance has a power factor of 1.
Q - OK? So what is the power factor?
A - Pure reactance PF = 0. Pure resistance PF = 1.
Q - How do we determine the PF?
A - We would use vectors or phasers or trig factors.
    The simple math for Q is X / R. So if R = 0 Q is infinity. This is why the wire size, wire type and core material matter.
    
    
    Now on to the mind experiment part 1:
    Assume we wind an air core coil for my oscillator. It would have a Q determined as any other air core coil. Assume we set the circuit to oscillate at 4 MHz. All is well but it is fixed frequency. Now I want to lower the frequency by inserting a ferrite core. As I insert the core the frequency lowers. Assume the frequency changes to 3 MHz. This would be a small change from 30uh to 15uh with a 100pfd cap. What happens to the Q? Remember Q = X / R. The wire has not changed so R remains the same. The core causes the X to increase so Q increases.
    
 
    Now on to mind experiment part 2:
    Here is the real question to consider.
    The air core coil is 15uh.
    The core raises it to 30uh.
    I place a magnet against the core and it saturates, what happens?
    The relative speed at which the field expands or contracts is the variable.
    Consider the speed of sound in air and in water.
    Consider the speed of light in air and in water.
    When we place a straw in a glass of water it appears to bend, why?
    The basic laws for motors and generators tell us the field strength and relative motion determine the motor input requirements or generator output.
    
    Mind experiment final:
    The air core core has a Q of some value.
    The metal core has a higher Q.
    Assuming the air core Q is high enough for our circuit inserting the core should be ok.
    Saturating the core makes the core become "invisable" or in other words it will make the coil to act the same as the air core version.
    
    So in theory can I adjust the oscillator frequency by adjusting the bias on the core.
    
    

Variable inductor controlled by a pot.

 A weird idea bouncing around in my head. It goes like this: I can use a pot and diode to acts as a variable cap. Why not use a pot and coil to act as a variable inductance. We have magnetic amplifiers which are basically variable inductors controlled by a signal applied to a control winding. On to the sims.

A simple 2N2222 oscillator. This one does not seem "strong enough". I think we need more output to drive our DBM.

The lambda diode oscillator is much stronger. Could be a good choice.

Ok , now we need a control winding and an out put winding. 

The sim supports the theory.

The sim supported the theory using Andy's oscillator. I wound a core with 3 coils, 1 turn, 3 turn and 16 turn and got the values I was looking for.

Time for a build when I get some bench time?

 

Converting the Andy Osc to a GE transistor

 My young advisor looked the previous post over and gave me two points to consider. The transistor I used was an audio transistor which is not capable of operating at RF frequencies and we should consider using GE diodes with the GE transistor.

Both points are well taken. I do have some transistors to try but am woo-ful-ly lacking in data and the SPICE models. I did find I have a model for the P416 RF amp.

The original circuit.

The AC128 appears to work well. Sadly it has a very low Ft.

Still functions with one 1N34.

Second 1N34 'breaks' the circuit. Why?

Consider the voltage drop across the 220k resistor.

The current is to high and the 220k resistor is dropping to much. Let us try a smaller resistor.

OK. the 10k resistor restores our circuit operation. 

Next step is to find a suitable core.

I have a green core (43) that should work in the short wave range. The coupling being tight we will have to observe the loading effect. That will be the next post.

The Andy oscillator low voltage version

 My friend gave me two versions of this oscillator to use in the 40/80. They both gave a flat output over their operating range. I have a 6 volt lantern battery which was damaged (dropped I suppose). I took it apart and found one cell was shorted. The connecting strap was against the zinc shell. So I have 3 1.5 volt cells about half again as large as a D cell. I'm thing a 1.5 volt radio. A direct conversion receiver with an oscillator feeding a DBM and a a hearing aid amp audio section. 

This is the original circuit.

This is what I'm starting the build with. I am using a germanium transistor for 1.5 volt version. 

The number 1 issue with the direct conversion set is the oscillator will feed the antenna so I am thinking a ferrite core to help reduce undesired coupling.

Time to try a build.